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The pointer to the package and README for the latest versions are available from the autoresponder memtool-request@sun.com
Documentation
Examples
README
The most recent documentation discussing Solaris Virtual Memory can be
found in the Solaris Internals book co-authored with Jim Mauro:
http://www.solarisinternals.com
MemTool 3.9.5beta Release Notes
--OOO--
04 Jun 03
System Requirements: SPARC/Solaris 2.6
SPARC/Solaris 7
SPARC/Solaris 8
SPARC/Solaris 9
x86 /Solaris 8
x86 /Solaris 9
Download location:
http://www.solarisinternals.com/si/downloads/_memtool
Please send any reports to Richard.McDougall@Eng.Sun.COM
Important Note
--------------
MemTool is not supported in anyway by Sun; use at your own
risk. MemTool loads a kernel module into the target system, and may
sometimes be incompatible with new Solaris patches. For this reason,
do not use MemTool on a production system.
Solaris MemTool Features
------------------------
Over time, some of the MemTool functionality is being moved into
Solaris:
pmem: Solaris 2.6 and later: pmap(1M)
prtmem: Solaris 9 and later: mdb(1M) ::memstat macro
Compatibility
-------------
MemTool 3.9.5beta is compatible with Solaris 2.6, 7, 8 and 9. Solaris 7
requires the following revisions or greater of the kernel patch to allow
MemTool driver to load.
RELEASE ARCH PATCH
5.7 (on998 ) i386 106542-04
5.7 (on998 ) sparc 106541-04
Alert - for old MemTool versions
--------------------------------
The older MemTool 3.7.3, is incompatible with the latest kernel patches.
The latest MemTool should always be used on patched machines. Using the
process memory features of the older MemTool 3.7.3 (memtool, memps, pmem)
will cause the system to panic with the following patches or greater are
installed:
RELEASE ARCH PATCH
5.6 (on297 ) i386 105182-14
5.6 (on297 ) sparc 105181-14
5.7 (on998 ) i386 106542-04
5.7 (on998 ) sparc 106541-04
Solaris pmap -x bug
-------------------
Solaris 2.6, 7 and 8 has a bug in pmap -x which will over-estimate the
amount of private memory for a process. The MemTool pmem command should
be used in place of pmap -x for accurate memory analysis.
Until a patch for Solaris is available, a stand alone version of pmem that
works without MemTool can be used safely on machines which you don't want
to load the complete MemTool package. It is available from:
ftp://playground.sun.com/pub/memtool/pmem.sparc
ftp://playground.sun.com/pub/memtool/pmem.i386
A Solaris patch will be available shortly. Details for the patch will be
noted here and on the MemTool alias.
Installation
------------
The RMCmemx.y.tar.Z file is a Solaris pkgadd file, compressed with
"compress".
To install:-
# cd /tmp
# zcat RMCmemx.x.tar.Z |tar xvf -
# pkgadd -d .
Answer yes to "load driver now", if you want to load the driver and use
MemTool without having to reboot.
Answer yes to "loaded at boot" if you want to have the driver loaded at
boot time.
If the driver is not loaded, then you will need to manually load it
before running the tools. The driver can be loaded with the command:
# /opt/RMCmem/drv/bunyipload
Release Notes
-------------
3.9.4:
- Rebuilt to be compatible with latest Solaris 8 kernel patches
(mem & memtool coredump; memps -m shows only a few entries)
3.9.3:
- Workaround for NFS panic/bug
- Provided missing Intel support
3.9.2:
- Solaris 9 FCS Support
- memps -m now includes cachelist files
3.8.3:
- memps displays no rows on Solaris 2.6
3.8.2:
- Fixes prtmem issues with Solaris 2.6
3.8.1:
- Solaris 8 FCS.
- MemTool gui only available Solaris 7 upwards
- Fixes private memory calculation bugs with shared memory. The pmem
command should be used instead of the pmap in Solaris 2.6, 7 and 8 FCS.
- memps provides a wide display
3.7.5:
- Solaris 2.5.1 & 2.5 no longer supported
- Tools updated to use libproc interfaces, which provides enhanced
library naming for memtool.
- memps and memtool now show file system name when file name cannot
be calculated
- prtmem enhanced to show more detail (See example below)
- pmem replaced by /usr/proc/bin/pmap
- prtswap utility added
3.7.4: (Internal only test release)
- Solaris patches introduced an interface change that will
cause pmem to panic the system. Bug id 4178298 references the
problem. 3.7.4 will now only work if that patch is installed.
- Free memory now broken out into "cachefree and zerofree" in prtmem
- InUse column added to memps -m
- Shared memory identifier bugs fixed (shmid=0)
- Shared memory ID changed to reflect pmap -x
- pmem now agrees with pmap -x
3.7.3:
- pmem bug fixed (Solaris bug 4164856), private column can sometimes
report incorrect value. This was fixed in FCS Solaris 7.
- Code merge and common features between Solaris 2.6 and 7 drivers.
- 2.7 Systems or 2.6 systems with 105181-09 or later show executable
code size in the prtmem and memps -m commands
- Support for Intel 2.6, 7, 8
- Untested support for Intel 2.5.1
3.7.2:
- Support for Intel Solaris 2.6
Overview
--------
Installed in the /opt/RMCmem directory are the drivers,
utilities and libraries for the package.
bin/prtmem - command line utility, displays system memory summary
bin/prtswap - command line utility, displays swap summary
bin/memps - command line, ps of memory, and rolling sar
bin/pmem - command line, detailed single process memory display
bin/mem - curses based interface for process and files
bin/memtool - GUI tool for analysing memory usage
The utilities are:-
prtmem
------
The prtmem utility shows a quick summary of memory usage.
Total memory: 241 Megabytes (Total, minus page tables)
Kernel Memory: 21 Megabytes (Kernel Memory)
Application: 31 Megabytes (anonymous: heap & stack)
Executable & libs: 14 Megabytes (files mapped 777)
File Cache: 11 Megabytes (File cache in kernel)
Free, file cache: 88 Megabytes (File cache on freelist)
Free, free: 75 Megabytes (Free, zeroed)
Total Memory - The total amount of physical memory in the system available
to the operating system at boot time. This figure is usually minus a few
megabytes used by startup.
Kernel Memory - The wired down memory allocated for kernel data structures
buffers and caches. This excludes the file system cache.
Application - Anonymous memory, used for heap, stack, copy on write, and
shared memory.
Executable and Libs - Memory used for files that are mapped with
executable permission. e.g., binaries and shared libraries.
File Cache - The portion of the file system cache which is not on the
free lists.
Free, file cache - The portion of the file system cache which IS on the
free lists, and is counted in the free column reported by vmstat. This
memory is still valid file cache, but resides on the free lists.
Free, free - The amount of memory on the free lists that has no
identify; that is, it represents no file in the file system
cache.
pmem
----
pmem is a utility for displaying the address space of a process.
Process address space is broken into several sections, some
which is shared and some which is not shared.
A typical address space has an executable, a heap space, some
shared libraries and it's stack:-
# pmem 25628
25628: -ksh
Address Kbytes Resident Shared Private Permissions Mapped File
00010000 192 192 192 - read/exec ksh
00040000 8 8 - 8 read/write/exec ksh
00042000 32 32 - 32 read/write/exec [ heap ]
FF180000 664 664 664 - read/exec libc.so.1
FF236000 24 24 - 24 read/write/exec libc.so.1
FF23C000 8 8 - 8 read/write/exec [ anon ]
FF280000 552 552 552 - read/exec libnsl.so.1
FF31A000 32 32 - 32 read/write/exec libnsl.so.1
FF322000 32 16 - 16 read/write/exec [ anon ]
FF340000 16 16 16 - read/exec libc_psr.so.1
FF350000 16 16 16 - read/exec libmp.so.2
FF364000 8 8 - 8 read/write/exec libmp.so.2
FF380000 8 8 - 8 read/write/exec [ anon ]
FF390000 40 40 40 - read/exec libsocket.so.1
FF3AA000 8 8 - 8 read/write/exec libsocket.so.1
FF3B0000 8 8 8 - read/exec libdl.so.1
FF3C0000 128 128 128 - read/exec ld.so.1
FF3E0000 8 8 - 8 read/write/exec ld.so.1
FFBEC000 16 16 - 16 read/write/exec [ stack ]
-------- ------ ------ ------ ------
total Kb 1800 1784 1616 168
Program text is the executable component of a binary, which is
mapped into a process as read only.
Each binary also has a data section, which is mapped just above
the text portion. The data section contains all of the
initialized sections of an application, such as i=10 or char
*str={\"hello world\"}.
Because the data section can be shared amongst other processes
to save memory, the segment is mapped shared, and any writes to
this segment cause COW (copy on writes) which creates an
anonymous private page for each page that is writen to.
This means that the data section of a binary typically has a
shared portion an a non-shared portion.
The process heap is allocated from anonymous memory, and is
always reported as 100% private.
Shared libraries appear as text/heap/stack, and are mapped the
same way as the program binary.
Stacks appear at the end of the address space (sparc), or at
the start of the address space (i386). The stack is allocated
from anonymous memory, and is always reported as 100% private.
Shared memory is always reported as shared.
This is four basic measures for the amount of memory in each
segment:-
Size - The amount of virtual memory space assigned to this
segment.
Resident - The amount of a segment which is currently in memory,
including the portions which are shared between other processes.
Shared - The amount of this segment which is not
allocated from anonymous memory , and could potentially be
shared with other processes in the system.
Private - The amount of anonymous memory for this segment. Heap
space is always reported as 100% private, but only the anonymous
copy-on-write portions of data segments are reported as private.
To calculate the amount of memory a group of processes is
using:
- for each process of the same binary, count the
private memory used for n-1 processes.
- for each binary, count the total resident size
once.
For example, using the pmem data above, we can calculate that
20 ksh binaries would used
168Kbytes * 19 + 1784Kbytes = 3192 + 1784 Kbytes
= 4976Kbytes
memps
-----
A utility for displaying a ps of memory, for processes or files.
Usage: memps - Memory ps
memps -p - ps type process output
memps -m - ps type file output
memps -p [-n n] [-o file] [t s] - Sar type process output
(-n n=number of processes)
memps -m [-n n] [-o file] [t s] - Sar type file output
(-n n=number of files)
SunOS alvinn 5.5 Generic sun4u 11/12/95
PID Size Res Shared Private Process
6852 11888k 5268k 1216k 4052k xemacs
10352 9440k 4164k 1612k 2552k /usr/dist/local/share/sunpro,v4.0/5.x-sp
9815 11728k 2704k 1500k 1204k /usr/dist/local/pkgs/sunpro,v4.0/5.x-spa
3277 7944k 2884k 1692k 1192k roam -fg black
2935 18272k 1672k 776k 896k /usr/doctools/frame4.0/bin/sunxm.s5.spar
10290 5832k 2284k 1488k 796k /usr/dist/local/pkgs/teamware/5.x-sparc/
2520 6392k 2644k 1856k 788k dtwm
2521 6032k 2696k 1952k 744k dtterm -session dta001SM -sdtserver
10208 11160k 2480k 1880k 600k netscape
7318 8488k 2060k 1480k 580k /usr/dist/local/pkgs/sunpro,v4.0/5.x-spa
2512 3912k 1416k 1016k 400k /usr/dt/bin/ttsession -s
2522 5280k 2308k 1952k 356k /usr/dt/bin/dtterm -session dta001Sb -C
7334 4472k 1780k 1448k 332k /usr/dist/local/pkgs/sunpro,v4.0/5.x-spa
2525 3592k 1584k 1284k 300k perfbar -Wp 1192 3 -Ws 76 984 -WP 6 6 +W
2524 3792k 1552k 1272k 280k clock -Wp 1035 3 -Ws 150 164 -WP 6 6 +Wi
14153 3376k 680k 428k 252k /opt/RMCmem/bin/memps
3601 5360k 2108k 1856k 252k dtpad -server
3294 9088k 1664k 1448k 216k snapshot
9921 7864k 1772k 1616k 156k /home/rmc/src/bunyiptool/memtool
2499 1976k 912k 772k 140k /usr/dt/bin/dsdm
14125 1480k 592k 468k 124k vi README
10342 2304k 888k 768k 120k /usr/dist/pkgs/cam,v1.4/5bin.sun4/cam vi
13950 1480k 580k 468k 112k vi pkginfo pkgmap
7333 21456k 1100k 1008k 92k /usr/dist/local/pkgs/sunpro,v4.0/5.x-spa
2477 1784k 840k 768k 72k /usr/openwin/bin/fbconsole
11839 1528k 748k 680k 68k /bin/ksh
mem
---
A curses based top like display for process and file memory.
Use LV or LP to switch between modes
+- MemTool 3.0.0 ---------- KEYS: U)pper H)elp R)efresh Q)uit -----------------+
| |
| [CPU Usage] [Paging ] [Page in/outs ][Memory (k)] [Inode ] |
| Idle 82 Scanr 0.0 Pgouts 0.0 Tot 23110 Namei 10 |
| User 15 Pgfr 0.0 Ppgouts 0.0 Used 16616 Dnlc 100% |
| Sys 3 PageRt Inf Pgins 0.2 UFS 10010 Dirblk 0 |
| Wait 0 Fr/Lts 32.5 Ppgins 0.2 Free 787 Ncsize 2181 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| VFS Memory Dump | All Files | Sorted By Size |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| PID Size Mapped Shared Private Process |
| |
| 2935 18272k 6068k 788k 5280k /usr/doctools/frame4.0/bin/sunxm.s5.s |
| 2656 9664k 4176k 1212k 2964k xemacs |
| 3294 9088k 4396k 1560k 2836k snapshot |
| 3277 6184k 2804k 1536k 1268k roam -fg black |
| 2520 6240k 2616k 1820k 796k dtwm |
| 2521 5592k 2508k 1952k 556k dtterm -session dta001SM -sdtserver |
| 2522 5280k 2368k 1952k 416k /usr/dt/bin/dtterm -session dta001Sb |
| 2524 3792k 1728k 1364k 364k clock -Wp 1035 3 -Ws 150 164 -WP 6 6 |
| 2512 3464k 1416k 1056k 360k /usr/dt/bin/ttsession -s |
| 3581 3432k 692k 368k 324k ./mem |
| 2525 3568k 1648k 1344k 304k perfbar -Wp 1192 3 -Ws 76 984 -WP 6 6 |
| 2523 3592k 1664k 1364k 300k clock -Wp 871 3 -Ws 150 164 -WP 6 6 + |
| 2499 1808k 864k 784k 80k /usr/dt/bin/dsdm |
| 3137 1488k 684k 604k 80k ftp adelaide.aus |
| 2527 1528k 744k 680k 64k -ksh |
| 2477 1784k 844k 780k 64k /usr/openwin/bin/fbconsole |
| 2944 1528k 744k 680k 64k /bin/ksh |
| 2628 1552k 736k 680k 56k /bin/ksh |
| 2531 1528k 728k 680k 48k /bin/ksh |
| 2725 1384k 656k 608k 48k rlogin dreadnought-185 |
| 2726 1384k 648k 608k 40k rlogin dreadnought-185 |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
memtool
-------
A Motif based GUI for analizing memory usage. Requires SUNWmfrun or CDE
to be installed.
NOTE: memtool may take several minutes to calculate the full process matrix
on older systems with large process tables. Use the filter options to select a
smaller subset of processes for analysis.
Browse the book online via Safari
Original Material © 2000-2005 Richard McDougall & Jim Mauro
Last Updated Dec 02 2005 00:21
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